Editing

Media Key Terms

Image and Definitions

Editing

Key Terms:

Ø  Continuity

Ø  Continuity editing 

1.     180 degree rule

2.     Match on action

Editing:

Ø  Part of post production

Continuity:

Ø  It makes sure things are continuous

Ø  Creates a sense of reality and time moving forward

Ø  Does not draw attention to the editing process but allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative.

Ø  Filming rules and techniques are applied to ensure this smooth continuity

Techniques/ rules of continuity:

Ø  180-degree rule: it orientates the viewer, establishes placement of characters. Breaking this rule, places the character in a different place.

Ø  Match on action: multiple cuts to show one continuous action, creates flow when watching a scene, the cuts match together so that the audience know it is one action.

Ø  Shot reverse shot: back and forth between 2 shots to show a connection, often used during conversations. Form of eye-line matching.

Ø  Eye-line match: a following shot that follows what the character is looking at, makes cuts smoother, the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/character see.  E.g. a persons phone rings, she turns and looks in the direction of it. Cuts to phone ringing.

Ø  Crosscutting: alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously, but in different locations. As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds, often the parallel scenes will intersect and reach a climax.

Ø  Parallel editing

Ø  Insert shot: is a shot part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot).

Ø  Cutaway: a video scene that cuts away to relevant images or footage. It is used to have a variety of visuals. Often used to show the audience vital information.

Errors of continuity:

Ø  Shots/angles

Ø  Costume/props

Ø  Lighting etc.

Pace:

Ø  Slow: calm, still/little number of shots. Makes audience calm or bored, so to pay attention to detail or emotion.

Ø  Medium: normal and comfortable. Average number of shots, should show realism.

Ø  Fast: intense, exciting, thrilling.

Types of time:

Ø  Story time

Ø  Discourse time

Ø  Summary: discourse shorter than a story

Ø  Ellipsis: establishing discourse time rather than story

Ø  Scene: story and discourse time are equal – to show realism

Ø  Stretch-discourse is longer than story

Ø  Flashback – character has a flash back causes non linear narrative as you are changing order of time

Ø  Flash-forward: when the audience is shown the future scenes-causes non linear narrative

Time Allocation:

Ø  Who has most time on screen?

Ø  Who has the little time on screen?

Ø  Link to narrative

Ø  Importance of character

Transitions:

Ø  Straight cutting: to show realism

Ø  Graphic match: to show relationship, when 2 shots match graphically

Ø  Overlap/dissolve: makes a softer transition, to show ellipses or time passing.

Ø  Wipe: shows a new day or new scene/location

Ø  Fade in/fade out: used to communicate ending or beginning

Ø  Flash: to show flashbacks or flash forwards

Special Effects:

Ø  B&w: often used to show memory or time period

Ø  Contrast: to altar the lightening

Ø  Color: to add a color filter to show a specific mood

Ø  Animation: titles of shows or cartoons

Ø  CGI: computer generated images

Ø  Fast forward/slow motion: speeding up or slowing down

Ø  Ghost trails: see multiple actions

Ø  Blur: to show clarity/fuzzy memory/flashback

Montage Editing:

Ø  A series of clips that are not in order, not continuous or relate to each other.

Edit Analysis: Hunger Games Tracker Jacker scene

This scene of the Hunger games, we are shown Katniss cutting the nest of the Tracker Jacker in order for it to land on her opponents, and is also stung her self several times.

Media Key Terms

Image and Definitions

Editing

Key Terms:

Ø  Continuity

Ø  Continuity editing

1.     180 degree rule

2.     Match on action

Editing:

Ø  Part of post production

Continuity:

Ø  It makes sure things are continuous

Ø  Creates a sense of reality and time moving forward

Ø  Does not draw attention to the editing process but allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative.

Ø  Filming rules and techniques are applied to ensure this smooth continuity

Techniques/ rules of continuity:

Ø  180-degree rule: it orientates the viewer, establishes placement of characters. Breaking this rule, places the character in a different place.

Ø  Match on action: multiple cuts to show one continuous action, creates flow when watching a scene, the cuts match together so that the audience know it is one action.

Ø  Shot reverse shot: back and forth between 2 shots to show a connection, often used during conversations. Form of eye-line matching.

Ø  Eye-line match: a following shot that follows what the character is looking at, makes cuts smoother, the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/character see.  E.g. a persons phone rings, she turns and looks in the direction of it. Cuts to phone ringing.

Ø  Crosscutting: alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously, but in different locations. As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds, often the parallel scenes will intersect and reach a climax.

Ø  Parallel editing

Ø  Insert shot: is a shot part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot).

Ø  Cutaway: a video scene that cuts away to relevant images or footage. It is used to have a variety of visuals. Often used to show the audience vital information.

Errors of continuity:

Ø  Shots/angles

Ø  Costume/props

Ø  Lighting etc.

Pace:

Ø  Slow: calm, still/little number of shots. Makes audience calm or bored, so to pay attention to detail or emotion.

Ø  Medium: normal and comfortable. Average number of shots, should show realism.

Ø  Fast: intense, exciting, thrilling.

Types of time:

Ø  Story time

Ø  Discourse time

Ø  Summary: discourse shorter than a story

Ø  Ellipsis: establishing discourse time rather than story

Ø  Scene: story and discourse time are equal – to show realism

Ø  Stretch-discourse is longer than story

Ø  Flashback – character has a flash back causes non linear narrative as you are changing order of time

Ø  Flash-forward: when the audience is shown the future scenes-causes non linear narrative

Time Allocation:

Ø  Who has most time on screen?

Ø  Who has the little time on screen?

Ø  Link to narrative

Ø  Importance of character

Transitions:

Ø  Straight cutting: to show realism

Ø  Graphic match: to show relationship, when 2 shots match graphically

Ø  Overlap/dissolve: makes a softer transition, to show ellipses or time passing.

Ø  Wipe: shows a new day or new scene/location

Ø  Fade in/fade out: used to communicate ending or beginning

Ø  Flash: to show flashbacks or flash forwards

Special Effects:

Ø  B&w: often used to show memory or time period

Ø  Contrast: to altar the lightening

Ø  Color: to add a color filter to show a specific mood

Ø  Animation: titles of shows or cartoons

Ø  CGI: computer generated images

Ø  Fast forward/slow motion: speeding up or slowing down

Ø  Ghost trails: see multiple actions

Ø  Blur: to show clarity/fuzzy memory/flashback

Montage Editing:

Ø  A series of clips that are not in order, no continuous or relate to each other.

Edit Analysis: Hunger Games Tracker Jacker scene

This scene of the Hunger games, we are shown Katniss cutting the nest of the Tracker Jacker in order for it to land on her opponents, and is also stung her self several times.

While she is shown cutting the branch, the pace of the clip is presented as slow. This allows the audience to pay attention to the detail of the buzzing wasps surrounding Katniss. Tension is slowly built up with cutaways as her force of cutting the branch fastens leading her to begin getting stung. This causes the audience to see Katniss’s emotions of pain and struggle, as she gets stung. The audience is able to almost feel her pain through slow pace of the clip and build up of tension surrounding it.

Sound

Sound 

• Sound is used to communicate meaning
• The manipulation and layering of sound to create meaning

• Non-diegetic: Sound that is edited in 
• Diegetic: Sound the actors can hear

• Non-simulateous sound: Diegetic sound that comes from a source in time earlier or later than the images it accompanies.
• Voice-over: 
• Sound Bridge:leads in or out of a scene
• Pleonastic sound: exaggerated sound
• Contrapuntal sound

The Last King Of Scotland

1. As the sequence begins, the sounds that we hear before the music begins includes footsteps, camera's clicking and a man playing the accordion. We are also able to hear crickets in the background. These sounds put together creates a not so friendly atmosphere that puts the audience on edge. 
2. As the music begins, we are only able to see Nicolas' face and not what he sees. The music we hear suggests that all is not well as it slowly increases to make a high pitched eerie sound to emphasise a troubled atmosphere. 
3. As he picks up the photograph, the music changes and drops really low as if mirroring the feeling of your heart dropping. Straight away giving the audience a sympathetic feeling towards Nicholas. 
4. When he notices the envelope, the music indicates that it is unlikely to contain good news as the pace begins to slow, almost coming to a silence completely. This foreshadows a strong negativity surrounding the envelope. 
5. The music changes even further when Nicholas opens the envelope and discovers his new Ugandan passport inside. The music starts to pick up faster and faster in rhythm to what he and the audience are seeing. This hints at a sense of urgency and panic that puts the audience on edge. From Nicholas's facial impressions and the tempo of the music, we get a strong sense of fear. 
6. The images changes to blurred headlamps and a new style of music is heard as the pace and beat of the music fastens and increases. As the audience we feel a more urgent feeling that help is needed.